Water & Sewer Utilities

U.S. Water & Sewer Finance

Revenue bond analysis covering rate covenants, capital improvement programs, regulatory compliance, consent decrees, combined sewer overflow mandates, and credit frameworks for major U.S. water and wastewater utilities.

Revenue BondsRate CovenantsCIP ProgramsEPA / Consent DecreesWIFIA Loans
$175B+
Sector Debt Outstanding
1.5x+
Typical Rate Covenant
AAA
WSSC Water (S&P)
$600B+
20-Year Capital Need (EPA)

Reference Guides

Water & Sewer

Water and Sewer Revenue Bonds: A Comprehensive Guide

Understanding the structures, covenants, and credit fundamentals of water and sewer revenue bonds issued by municipal utilities across the United States.

12 sectionsRead →
Water & Sewer

Water and Sewer Rate Covenant Compliance and Enforcement

How utilities maintain rate covenants, what happens when they breach them, and the credit implications of covenant violations and remediation.

11 sectionsRead →
Water & Sewer

Water and Sewer Capital Improvement Programs: Financing the Infrastructure Gap

Understanding capital planning, funding mechanisms, and the federal and state programs financing water infrastructure renewal across the United States.

12 sectionsRead →
Water & Sewer

Water and Sewer Credit Analysis: Rating Agency Frameworks and Financial Metrics

Understanding how S&P, Moody's, and Fitch rate water and sewer utilities using published criteria, financial metrics, and qualitative assessment.

10 sectionsRead →
Water & Sewer

Water and Sewer Regulatory Compliance: EPA Mandates, Consent Decrees, and Credit Impact

Understanding federal and state regulations, EPA enforcement, consent decrees, and the credit and financial implications of regulatory compliance for water and sewer utilities.

11 sectionsRead →
Water & Sewer

NYC Municipal Water Finance Authority: Financial Profile and Credit Analysis

Comprehensive financial analysis of the New York City water and sewer system, the largest municipal water utility in the United States.

13 sectionsRead →
Water & Sewer

San Francisco Public Utilities Commission (SFPUC): Financial Profile and Credit Analysis

Comprehensive financial analysis of the three-enterprise San Francisco Public Utilities Commission, integrating water, wastewater, and hydroelectric power systems.

16 sectionsRead →
Water & Sewer

DC Water and Sewer Authority: Financial Profile and Credit Analysis

Comprehensive financial analysis of the District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority, a pioneer in innovative environmental financing and green bonds.

15 sectionsRead →
Water & Sewer

Los Angeles Department of Water and Power (LADWP): Water System Financial Profile

Comprehensive financial analysis of the water system component of LADWP, the second-largest municipal utility in the United States.

15 sectionsRead →
Water & Sewer

Water and Sewer Utility Financial Reporting: GASB Standards and ACFR Preparation

Comprehensive guide to GASB accounting and financial reporting requirements specific to water and sewer utilities.

14 sectionsRead →
Water & Sewer

Municipal Water Revenue Bond Credit Analysis: Key Metrics and Market Trends

Understanding DSCR, affordability constraints, and PFAS compliance impact on water utility credit quality

9 sectionsRead →
Water & Sewer

Essential Service Revenue Bonds: Water, Sewer, and Electric Utility Credit

Why essential service bonds are considered defensive, rate-setting, coverage ratios, and comparison to GOs.

9 sectionsRead →
Water & Sewer

Municipal Utility Rate-Setting: How Water and Sewer Rates Are Determined

Cost-of-service methodology, rate structures (flat, tiered, conservation), affordability metrics, and rate covenant compliance.

9 sectionsRead →